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The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO) ((ロシア語:Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть), ''Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast''; (イディッシュ語:ייִדישע אווטאָנאָמע געגנט), ''yidishe avtonome gegnt''〔In standard Yiddish: , ''yidishe oytonome gegnt''〕) is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous oblast) in the Russian Far East, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China. It is also referred to as "Yevrey"〔http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/653112/Yevrey〕 (Yiddish: יעברײ) and "Birobidzhan"〔http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Birobidzhan〕 (Yiddish: ביראבידזשאן). Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 176,558. Soviet authorities established the autonomous oblast in 1934. It was the result of Soviet nationality policy under Stalin, which provided the Jewish population of the Soviet Union with a territory in which to pursue Yiddish cultural heritage. According to the 1939 population census, 17,695 Jews lived in the region (16% of the total population). The Jewish population peaked in 1948 at around 30,000, about one-quarter of the region's population.〔James Brook, (Birobidzhan Journal;A Promised Land in Siberia? Well, Thanks, but . . . ), ''The New York Times'', July 11, 1996〕 In 1953, Joseph Stalin died and thereafter the Jewish population in the JAO began a long decline. The census of 1959, found that the Jewish population of the JAO had declined by approximately 50%, down to 14,269 persons.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Всесоюзная перепись населения 1959 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам России )〕 In 2002, there were 2,327 people of Jewish descent living in the JAO (1.2% of the total population), while ethnic Russians made up 90% of the JAO population. By 2010, according to data provided by the Russian Census Bureau, there were only 1,628 people of Jewish descent remaining in the JAO (1% of the total population), while ethnic Russians made up 92.7% of the JAO population.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Информационные материалы об окончательных итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года )〕 By 2010, according to data provided by the Russian Census Bureau, 97 persons spoke Yiddish, 312 persons spoke Hebrew, and a further 54 persons spoke unspecified Jewish languages. A 2007 article in the Jerusalem Post claimed that, at the time, approximately 4,000 Jews remain in the JAO.〔(Yiddish returns to Birobidzhan )〕 According to Mordechai Scheiner, the Chief Rabbi of the JAO from 2002 to 2011, Judaism and the Jewish culture in the oblast have recently begun enjoying a religious and cultural resurgence.〔 However, according to the magazine of the Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS ''Lechaim'', currently the Jewish presence in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast is extremely small, and is limited to the city of Birobidzhan and the nearby village of Valdgeym.〔(журнал «Лехаим». Борис Котлерман. Биробиджан, или ЕврейскаЯ автономнаЯ область? )〕 The JAO is Russia's only autonomous oblast〔Constitution of the Russian Federation, Article 65〕 and, aside from Israel, the world's only Jewish territory with an official status. Jews nowadays make barely 0.2% of the JAO's population. ==Geography== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jewish Autonomous Oblast」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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